PROPERTIES OF THE COLLEGE WHICH CONSTITUTE THE COLLEGE PLANT*

The term "Plant" is a term borrowed from business to represent the very great physical expansion which academic institutions have undergone during the past two decades. This physical expansion has been due chiefly to three causes. First, the scientific development of the college curriculum, applied not only to the so-called scientific departments but to all departments, has necessitated in each case a new or greatly increased equipment. The library of a college has changed in character within a generation about as much as its laboratories.

Second, the adjustment of the public school system to college requirements, greatly increasing the numerical size of colleges, has practically created a new problem, namely, that of the housing of students. The increase from this adjustment makes little impression upon state universities for these are constructed upon an elastic plan. Its effect upon the old-time endowed college is more marked. The type of mind which these latter institutions represent is rather intolerant of size. Trustees, faculties, and graduates have been somewhat reluctant to face the alternative which has been forced upon these colleges, either to become essentially undemocratic through some kind of artificial restriction, thus necessitating state universities in states where they do not now exist, or to take their part in providing for the natural growth of the academic constituency in a growing democracy. The duplication of college plants in the older states has, however, come to be recognized as an economic impossibility. It is more and more clearly seen that the enlarging college constituency must be provided for through the enlargement of existing colleges.

A third cause for the physical expansion of the older colleges is found in many cases in the introduction of those conveniences which are necessary for efficiency. The country college has been obliged to provide for many necessities such as a sure and abundant sup. ply of water, heat,and electricity, which in the cities are usually rated as a part of the public utilities. Every college wherever situated must be able to guarantee its sanitary conditions, to protect itself from the waste of effort always attending insufficient means, and in general to increase to the largest possible degree the facilities for its work.

The development of the College Plant, however, is not a matter simply of equipment, or of size, or of convenience; it indicates also a financial policy. The modern college is still in some vital aspects an eleemosynary institution, but it is more: it is a corporate body capable of taking part in its own support. Through a suitable plant it acquires an earning power which can be relied upon as a constant source of financial strength. The current revenue of the endowed universities and larger colleges is now drawn in about equal parts from the income from invested funds, and from their earnings in the form of tuition, fees, and rents, a fact which will be brought out more fully in the next and succeeding articles of this series upon the current income and expenditures of the College.

For convenience the classification of the properties which make up the College Plant is given in a tabulated rather than in a narrative form. The tabulation is based upon statistics prepared in the treasurer's office.

In noting the sources which have contributed to the College buildings, it may in general be said that the nonproductive buildings of the College have been provided for by gift or bequest, while the productive properties have, in the majority of cases, been treated as investments. In the following enumeration of the properties which constitute the College Plant no estimate is made of the value of the College Park, or of certain outlying local properties which are held for the improvement of the College, nor of houses owned by the College and occupied by members of the faculty.

No estimate is made of the value of the strictly educational equipment of the College, in its library, 100,000 volumes, nor of the various laboratories, nor of the contents of Butterfield Museum.

COLLEGE PLANT

RECITATION HALLS, LABORATORIES AND ASSEMBLY HALLS

DATE COST Dartmouth 1784 $ 15,500 Medical Building 1809-94 21,930 Observatory 1853 , 11,810 Bissell 1866 24,000 Gymnasium Culver 1871 40,000 Wilson 1884 67,686 Library (including land) Rollins Chapel 1884 32,000 Bartlett 1890 16,948 Christian Association Thayer Building 1894 3,790 Butterfield 1895 87,350 Museum

HOW PROVIDED

Lottery, $1,800 and subscriptions.

Dr. Nathan Smith &1,217, and land.

State $8,450. Hon. Edwin W. Stoughtono Of New York city $10,000 . General funds of the Medical School $2,263.

$7,000 by gift of Dr. George C. Shattuck, class of 1803. Balance from college funds.

Gift of Hon. George H. Bissell, class of 1845.

$25,000 from estate of Hon. David Culver of Lyme, N. H. $15,000 from state, originally given in connection with agricultural college.

$45,810 from estate of Gov. George F. Wilson of East Providence, R. I. Balance from college funds.

Gift of Hon. Edward A. Rollins, class of 1851. Subscriptions and college funds.

.Subscriptions and funds.

Bequest of Dr. Ralph Butterfield, class of 1839.

DATE COST HOW PROVIDED Wilder 1897 $84,201 Gift of Mr. Charles T. Wilder of Wilder, Vt. (including land) Chandler 1898 32,644 Bequest of Frank W. Daniels, class of 1868. Formerly Moor Hall (including land and original building) Tuck Building 1902 127.393 Gift of Edward Tuck, class of 1862. (including land) Dartmouth 1904 103,791 Subscriptions of alumni. (Rebuilt) Webster 1906 142,953 Subscriptions of alumni. (including land) Nathan Smith 1907 20,000 Subscriptions: medical alumni $5,000, friends Laboratory of Medical School $15,000.

DORMITORIES, CLUB HOUSE AND COMMONS

Thornton 1828 $8,000 Wentworth 1828 8,000 Reed 2839 23,310 Hallgarten 1892 8,778 Formerly Conant 1874-92 (including isolation hospital) Sanborn House 1887 20,861 1894 (including original house and land) Crosby House 1884 27,953 1896 (including original house and land) Richardson 1897 49,015 Fayerweather 1899 44,060 Hubbard House 1899 11,923 (including original house and land) College Hall 1900 119,382 Club House and Commons (including land) Proctor House 1902 5,000 Elm House 1903 7,737 (including original house and land)

By subscriptions. John B. Annis of Orford furnished stone for 54c. a foot for window sills and caps, and for 50c. for thresholds. Ira Gates of Lebanon furnished hewn pine for $9 a thousand. Nathaniel Hale contracted to deliver 400,000 brick at $3 a thousand, hemlock timber furnished at $5 a thousand, board measure. Workmen were boarded by Abigail Dewey for $1.62½ a week for a time, and then for $1.75 a week. By subscriptions.

$7.000 from estate of William Reed, trustee 1834.37. Balance from college funds.

DATE COST HOW PROVIDED1 Wheeler 1904 $83,125 (including land) Hubbard No. 2 1906 19,804 Reduced by sinking fund to $16,500. Fayerweather North 1906 30,530 Fayerweather South 1906 35,686 Shurtleff 1906 3,000 Plus contract for annuity $700. Swett House 1907 6,000 Massachusetts 1907 80,000 New Hampshire 1908 80,000

PROPERTIES FOR GENERAL USES

Waterworks 1893 $34,000 College share in Hanover Water Works Co. Alumni Oval 1893 17,000 Athletic Field Heating Plant 1898 77,000 Reduced by sinking fund to $68,000. Electric Plant 1904 34,059 " " 27,934. Heating and Plumbing Equipment 1898 13,962 " " 4,500. Sewers 1899 8,373 Store House 1905 3,500 Shop. 1903 2,200 Included in Hallgarten purchase. Hanover Inn 1887 1902 58,126

* This article is the fourth of a series of authorized statements which the BI-MONTHLY will Publish during the year, having to do with the resources and expenditures of the College.