THE STATE OF DARTMOUTH COLLEGE

Following the precedent set last year, THE ALUMNI MAGAZINE presents in this issue a brief general review of the progress of Dartmouth during the past twelve months, a summary of the news and views which have appeared in its columns since August, 1911, with such additional material as may be needed to fill the gaps. The sensation seker will here find little to interest him. The close observer, on the other hand, will discover encouraging signs of definite progress; and, better yet, the clear indication that this progress is in accordance with the workings of a well conceived and well applied plan.

BUILDING OPERATIONS

It might well have been hoped that, by this time, the need of a new library building might be satisfied, or the assurance of it secured. The wherewithal seems, however, still to be in the pockets of the gods. Meanwhile the mason and the carpenters have been hard at work on other things. The gymnasium is to all intents and purposes completed. The trophy room is yet to be furnished; but it is hoped considerable alumni interest will be manifested in the call for subscriptions to that end so that early autumn will see substantial progress made toward supplying trophy cases, together with various other things needed to make the room both useful and habitable. The Gymnasium News has gone abroad among the graduates of the College, and those who feel disposed to add to the attractions of the trophy room are referred to its pages for specific information.

The Thayer School building, Bissell Hall, remodeled and refitted, has been in use during the greater part of the college year, and satisfies its requirements. The old building to the east of the athletic field will probably be disposed of.

THE MAGAZINE for May contains full information concerning the building operations for the year. Wentworth Hall is rapidly undergoing transformation from a dormitory into a recitation building. To meet the need for student quarters to supply the further demand thus created, two new dormitories are in course of erection, to be known as North and South Massachusetts and to be connected by porticoes with the main building of that name. The alterations in Wentworth imply some exterior changes that break its prim similitude to Thornton. The obvious assumption is that Thornton, will soon follow Wentworth out of the category of dormitory and into that of recitation hall; varying its outward aspect to accord with its inward estate. The old row will then be as dignified and symmetrical as of yore.

Rollins Chapel is in process of its second, and probably last, expansion, and will be ready for use at the beginning of the new academic year. Future building plans of the College are likely to undergo considerable modification due to the large acquisition of land under the Hitchcock bequest.* Just what the program will be is, of necessity, as yet undetermined. For the present it is sufficient to assure the alumni that the trustees are fully alive to the importance of the property now under their control and that they are taking careful measures to insure its best development for the uses of the College.

BEQUESTS AND FINANCES

The Hitchcock bequest, like the other bequests of the year, is to be credited rather to .the past of Dartmouth than to the present, though it will in most instances be the future which will enjoy its fruits. A period of great uncertainty in financial and business circles is likely to prove a lean one in direct gifts to institutions. Such, at any rate, has been the experience of Dartmouth during the year just closed. In addition to the Hitchcock bequest, two others have been made public, though neither of them becomes at once available. By the will of Elijah M. Topliff '52, there is left to Dartmouth College about $200,000, subject, however, to the life interest of a sister. By the will of E. Peabody Gerry '69 the College will come into possession of funds for a building to be used at the discretion of the trustees, and to be known as the Gerry Memorial. The fund for this purpose is subject to a life interest of a wife, niece, and two sisters.

The largest financial factor of the year has been the application of the Tuck Fund to the increase of salaries, which, in the higher grades, have been raised about fifteen per cent. Meanwhile the increased cost of everything connected with the conduct of the College has led to the necessity of raising the tuition fee. After next year the tuition will be $140 instead of $125.

THE FACULTY

During the past year the College has missed from its faculty a number of men long known and revered by Dartmouth men. The death of Professor Wells, and the resignations of Professors Richardson, Sherman, and Worthen, has called for considerable readjustments in the teaching force. In its issue for January, THE MAGAZINE pointed to the steady shrinkage in the proportion of Dartmouth men connected with the institution. In view of the interest aroused, it has considered advisable the stating of the matter in somewhat different terms and, for the sake of fairness, to give the figures from some other institutions. A table of the faculty listed by departments is here appended. Its purpose is to show where the various members of the present faculty received their undergraduate and their graduate training. For the present consideration the place of 'graduate training is of comparatively little importance, though if the danger of inbreeding is to be consistently avoided, the possibility of the predominating influence of , any one university should eventually receive consideration. The following table gives no names, but lists the number and rank of the instructors in each department.

Omitting from consideration the instructors, whose appointments may be more or less temporary, there are in the Dartmouth faculty, exclusive of the teachers in the associated schools, 21 or 44 per cent of men who are graduates of the College and 27 or 56 per cent who are graduates of other institutions. If the professors and assistant professors of the associated schools be added to the list, the figures show 32 Dartmouth graduates as against 37 graduates of other colleges.

A comparison of the percentages at Dartmouth and at some other representative eastern colleges is interesting. Taken more or less at random, they are as follows:

Percentage of professors and assistant professors carrying bachelor degrees from

Home College Other Colleges Dartmouth 44% 56% Williams 44 56 Bowdoin 50 50 Amherst 55 45 Princeton 39 61 Brown 53 47 Harvard 55.6 44.4 Yale 54 46

It is evident from the above table that Dartmouth is not very much out of line with sister colleges in the matter of faculty apportionment. At first glance Princeton seems to offer an exception. The disproportion of non-Princeton men is, however, due to the sudden increase in the number of assistant professors called to the University upon establishment of the preceptorial systesm. That Princeton inclines to look out for her own progeny is indicated by the fact that, of the full professors, 56 per cent are Princeton graduates. The figures for Harvard and Yale can not fairly be brought into direct comparison with those of Dartmouth, since an institution possessed of both undergraduate and graduate departments of instruction is in far better position to develop its own material than is an institution whose effort is confined to undergraduate training. With proper means for encouraging its promising men to undertake graduate work, the college would, in many ways, be better off than the university. At present, however, Dartmouth is without these means. In so far as the departmental table of the Dartmouth faculty is concerned, the drawing of indisputable conclusions is no easy task. Chemistry, from chief to instructor, shows a full complement of Dartmouth graduates. Romance languages shows none, though one should be credited to the Tuck School faculty. The science departments, in general, seem able to replenish themselves in reasonable measure from men of their own upbringing. The languages, even English, show an opposite tendency. It would be easy, but far from just, to explain the matter on a basis of varying departmental efficiency. A truer explanation is probably to be found in the type of student who naturally gravitates to Dartmouth. The College has always produced more men of the practical, hard-headed type than of the literary type. The man of facts has ever been more prominent in the undergraduate life than the man of ideas. Unfortunately the successful teacher of languages must be a rare composite. He must have command of facts and of ideas, plus the patient energy of enforcement. Hence the search for him, often enough unrewarded, must be carried far afield. At the same time it must be admitted that some departments, or rather some individuals in departments, are more successful than others in discovering unsuspected material and in developing it to the point of availability. Some departments make a special effort to find and recommend Dartmouth men for the filling of vacancies. Others are more disposed to seek candidates directly from the most familiar university graduate school.

The actual power of faculty appointment lies in the hands of the trustees, who, however, act almost entirely on recommendation of the President of the College. The President, in turn, is quite likely to delegate the power of selection in the lower faculty grades to the head of the department immediately interested. This delegated power is by courtesy only, and it lies in the hands of the administration or of the trustees at any time to assume authority where such action is necessary to the unified and well-balanced development of the teaching force as a whole. But likewise the alumni should bear in mind the fact that a large share of responsibility is theirs. As has been stated already in this article, the college must be provided with the equipment for encouraging its young graduates to equip themselves not merely for subordinate positions in the corps of instructors, but for places of larger administrative and scholastic responsibility. Means to this end were outlined in THE MAGAZINE for January, and though the suggestions there made have met no very hearty response, the sources from which approval has come have been such as to give encouragement. The subject will again be brought up in the near future.

Of the general faculty activities, the alumni may well be proud. One man is member of the Council of the Governor of the State; another has recently been appointed member of the State Public Service Commission; another is a member of the State Educational Council; another is connected with the State Board of Health; another is Moderator of the Town Meeting; another is Precinct Commissioner. The list of faculty contributions to publications of the learned societies during the past year is a long one.

Yet the chief function of a college faculty is to teach. Its responsibility is less to the society of the learned than to the society of the unlearned. The great American college of the future will be the great teaching college, known not so much by its product in the field of scholarship as by its product in the field of efficient manhood. The idea is far from receiving general recognition as yet. Dartmouth, however, has always stood for teaching and is not likely to abandon its time-honored attitude in this respect. One of the concomitants of the demands for better work on the part of the students has been a searching investigation of the causes of low standing and the effort to ascertain how much of the responsibility for failures is to be attributed to the pupil and how much to the teacher. Such measures are indicative of a fair-minded desire to get at all the facts and to apply them impartially for the general benefit of the College.

THE STUDENT BODY

The student enrollment as shown by 'the 1911-1912 catalog was in all departments 1,302 as against 1,229 the year before. The increase implies a continued recognition of the place of Dartmouth in the educational world and unbroken faith in the maintenance of its traditions under the present adrfiinistration. It was this increase in the student body that caused the trustees early in the year to record their unwillingness to erect artificial barriers to the growth of the College and their readiness to assume the responsibilities which growth necessarily entails.

THE MAGAZINE inclines to the belief that a considerable number of men come to Dartmouth who might better go elsewhere : men who are attracted to the place by its virility, its unity, and its enthusiasm, but who, once settled in the rural life of Hanover, are not fully prepared to sacrifice those usual pleasures and amusements, the very lack of which, is, after all, the essential element in making Dartmouth and Dartmouth men what they are. A good many of these men remain an undigested element in the student body, and constitute a source of unrest and often of considerable trouble. The sooner they learn that if Dartmouth were situated five miles from Boston it would cease to be Dartmouth, the better for them and for the College.

Evidently the administration does not intend that numbers shall be gained at the expense of scholarship standards. At the close of the first semester of the present year sixty-four men were separated from College on account of poor scholarship. The event caused some consternation among alumni; but the lesson to the undergraduates proved salutary. Though the number whom it was necessary to drop at the close of the second semester was twenty-seven, general averages are showing improvement.

Two other measures for encouraging scholarship seem to be working well. This year, for the first time, there has been in operation the rule requiring a student to reach an average of sixty per cent in at least half his courses counting for a degree. It is gratifying to note that, of the seniors this year actually qualifying, only four were unable to meet the full requirement. Statistics compiled by the Registrar, however, indicate that for subsequent classes there are troubles in store which will try the souls of the students and test the firmness of the administration committee. It will be interesting to watch results.

A second provision is that whereby a student attaining a rank of eighty-five per cent in any one semester is freed during the rest from the usual restristions of the cut system. Opinions differ somewhat as to the result; some observers maintaining that, where the privilege is gained in one semester, marks suffer in the next; others declaring that, the majority of those who have obtained the privilege of uncounted cuts show no tendency to abuse it, while the desire to obtain equal rights is stirring others of lower standing to unusual effort.

On the side of the social relations of the students there is still much to be done; for the undergraduate body has rather outgrown the sufficiently effective hit-or-miss organization of less congested days and has developed no sufficient new organization to meet present-day demands. The coming of the fraternity houses has effected considerable changes in the attitude of the fraternities toward themselves and toward the College that is not altogether healthy. The house serves more strongly to differentiate the fraternity from the non-fraternity men; and to withdraw small groups from that communal life which has hitherto been "the distinguishing feature of Dartmouth. Neither is the fraternity influence in college politics altogether salutary. The growing tendency of the fraternities is to become what fraternities are in other places,—selfish, self-centered clubs. The correction for this is hardly to be administered by the faculty. It lies rather with the alumni or with an alumni committee that can and will speak with conclusive authority. The fraternities afford easily accessible units of great potential value to the College. If reform measures are to be applied, the deed should be accomplished while the transitional stage of fraternity development is still in progress. The task would not now present insuperable difficulties: a few years hence, it might be well-nigh impossible.

A faculty committee is, however, gradually evolving order out of chaos in the non-athletic organizations of the College. Carefully, if not quite painlessly, and, after all, with surprisingly little friction, it has assumed supervision of one activity after another, and has insured adequate financial control. This year, for the first time, a graduate manager has passed upon all receipts and expenditures. The scope of his activities and responsibilities is shown in the following summary of his report:

Income Expenses Profit Loss Dramatic $3793.70 $3327.76 $ 466.03 Musical 1945.75 861.65 1084.10 Debating 1.00 198.68 197.68 Prom 188.57 450.00 261.43 Band 60.00 27.79 32.10 Magazine 30.57 30.57 Outing Club 15.00 15.00 General 191.50 18.50 6180.61 4929.95 1755.34 504.68 Surplus $1250.66

Of this surplus a part will be used for financing the operations of the organizations during the coming year. A part will be set aside toward a fund soon to be used for the benefit of the organizations, which may be developed social, literary, and musical aims. Such a club will be a tremendous agency for the maintenance of democratic institutions and the development of worthier artistic aims among Dartmouth students. Indeed, in all our colleges some effective means must be found for counteracting the penetrating influences of the cheaper practicalities of the actual world of affairs. So long as socalled "undergraduate activities" take the form of tawdry imitations of the poorest productions, political, dramatic, literary, and journalistic, which the great cities afford, there can be small hope of developing within the academic cloister those higher ideals which should in time serve as a welcome leaven of life. The right kind of teaching will do much to help; the right kind of organizations will do more; for in the organization teacher and student meet on terms of familiarity that seem to give added zest to all work undertaken.

This has proved true in the case of the Round Robin, an active literary club composed of seniors,, who do, year by year, a surprising amount of reading and discussing. It is proving true of the Clef Club, which gathers those who are musically inclined. Of the Outing Club, whose function is to open the eyes of the undergraduates to the true delights of Hanover life, THE MAGAZINE has already written at length. While, as has been pointed out, there is still much to do in the way of proper development and wise guidance of student institutions, the general tendency is toward healthy improvement. Where conditions are not right, the way to correcting them lies fairly clear.

When a college ceases to realize that it has large and difficult problems to encounter and, if possible, to solve, it might as well cease to exist. The demands today upon institutions of higher learning are inexpressibly complex. The world of pure scholarship expects one . thing, that of professional accomplishment another, that .of business yet another. Parents and alumni have their own peculiar hopes, expectations, and ideas; while the students are all perfectly sure that they know what is good for them. All of these conflicting notions, together with those of the faculties themselves, help to constitute the educational problem.

In addition there is the problem of equipment. The modern college plant is a vast and intricate affair-fits employees constitute an industrial army of no mean proportions. This plant must be efficiently used; additions and betterments must be supplied; the needs of expansion must somehow be financed. Somewhere, too, must be procured the funds for the teaching force; to pay salaries, to provide various allowances, to secure the right , men for the right places. And the securing of the right men is not merely a matter of dollars and cents. It is a matter of keen human understanding, of foresight; often enough of that faith which is the substance of things hoped for.

The problems of Dartmouth are doubly insistent because Dartmouth aspires to primacy in the strictly collegiate field. She will not, however, have established her claim until her voice is everywhere accepted as authoritative, and until she has developed her own ways of doing things to the point where their effectiveness is beyond dispute. No one man can accomplish the desired end. If it is to be accomplished at all, it must be through the cooperation of many different minds working harmoniously and unselfishly together. The work is big enough and difficult enough and noble enough enough to touch the imagination and create the enthusiasm which will bring success.

*See THE MAGAZINE for March, 1912.

Department of Greek Head: Full Professor Assistant Professor Instructor Department of Latin Head: Full Professor Full Professor (For assistant professor or instructor see Dept. of Greek) Department of English Full Professor Full Professor Full Professor Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Instructor Instructor Instructor Instructor Instructor Instructor Department of French, Head: Full Professor Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Instructor Instructor Instructor Instructor (Depts. of Spanish and Italian listed Under Dept. of French) Department of German Head: Full Professor Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Instructor Instructor Instructor Instructor Department of Mathematics Head: Full Professor Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Instructor Instructor Instructor Department of Physics Head: Full Professor Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Instructor Instructor Department of Chemistry Head: Full Professor Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Instructor Instructor Department of Astronomy Head: Assistant Professor Department of Zoology Head: Full Professor Assistant Professor Instructor Instructor Department of Botany Head: Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Department of Physiology Head: Full Professor Department of Geology Head: Full Professor Department of Graphics Head: Full Professor Instructor Department of Physical Education Head: Full Professor Department of History Head: Full Professor Full Professor Assistant Professor Instructor Instructor Department of Economics Head: Full Professor Full Professor Instructor Instructor Instructor Department of Political Science Head: Full Professor Full Professor Instructor Department of Sociology Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Department of Philosophy Head: Full Professor Assistant Professor Instructor Departments of Archeology andFine Arts Full Professor Assistant Professor

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