Anti-Proton

As early as 1930, scientists had theorized about the anti-proton a sub-atomic particle identical to an ordinary proton but with an opposite electrical charge. The particle's actual existence was not proven until 1955, when Owen Chamberlain '41 and Emilio Segre discovered it in a lab. It was not an easy job; the anti-proton has the distressing trait of vanishing when it collides with a proton or a neutron.

Chamberlain's work, which advanced new theories on the origins of the universe, earned him the 1959 Nobel Prize. Press who flocked to his door at the announcement of the award found that the 38-year-old scientist had little time for interviews. Although he had discovered "one of the most elusive secrets in the universe," noted one reporter, "he hasn't been able to find a babysitter."

Chamberlain chalked up a Nobel for his find.