RETIRING FACULTY

In June, retirements will take from Biological Sciences three professors whose total Dartmouth service adds up to 116 years. One of them is NORMAN K. ARNOLD, A.M. '42, who joined the Zoology Department as an instructor in 1932.

A native of East Hampton, Conn., Professor Arnold graduated from Wesleyan University in 1928. He became a graduate assistant in biology at Yale University where he earned his Ph.D. in 1932. At Dartmouth, he was named assistant professor in 1936 and professor in 1942. He has twice served as chairman of the Zoology Department, from 1942 to 1947 and again in 1960-61. Animal Histology, which over the years has been his favorite course, and Vertebrate Morphology, a course in which he shared teaching duties with Professor Ballard, have constituted his teaching schedule this year.

Professor Arnold helped set up the Premedical Advisory Committee in the Office of Student Counseling in 1958 and served as an adviser for a number of years. He has been a member and chairman of the Committee on the Library and directed the move of the biology library from Baker to Dana in 1968. He has also served on the Great Issues Steering Committee and the Committee on Senior Fellowships.

During the late 1930's Professor Arnold was an instructor at the Marine Biological Laboratory of the University of New Hampshire. He is a member of the American Association for Advancement of Science, Northern New England Academy of Science, Mount Desert Biological Laboratory, American Institute of Biological Sciences, and the Society for Developmental Biology.

A bachelor, Professor Arnold contemplates no great changes in his life after retirement. He'll remain in the Upper Valley, at least for awhile, welcoming the extra time to bone up on local history of this area and of his home state of Connecticut. He also enjoys oil painting and has a long-standing fascination with botany, which he says, with characteristic modesty and reticence, he approaches as a rank amateur.

WILLIAM W. BALLARD '28, the Sydney E. Junkins Professor of Biology, is a zoologist who has specialized in amphibian anatomy, comparative vertebrate embryology, and the embryology of coelenterates and tunicates. He received his doctorate in 1933 from Yale University where he was a teaching fellow, joined the Dartmouth faculty in 1930, and became a full professor in 1942. He has also held an appointment as professor of embryology at the Dartmouth Medical School since 1942.

A nationally recognized scholar, Professor Ballard has been awarded a series of grants by the National Science Foundation for research in developmental anatomy and comparative embryology. Many of the Ballards' summers have been spent at the Marine Biological Laboratories at Woods Hole, Mass., where he worked at research and sometimes taught. He has also conducted research at the Stazione Zoologica in Naples, Italy, and at the Station Biologique in Roscoff, France.

Professor Ballard has had an interest in the broad implications of science as part of a liberal education. He helped set up the Great Issues Course and served as its associate director in 1948-49. For three years he was chairman of the Executive Committee of the Sciences Division which developed methods for a curricular approach to biological research at the undergraduate level. He served on an appalling number of ad hoc committees, some of which lasted for years. A member of the College Committee on Standing and Conduct in 1968-69, he was chairman at the time of the hearings connected with the Parkhurst takeover. His Alumni College lectures in 1969 entitled The Rise and Fall of Humanity, which appeared in condensed form in the Dartmouth ALUMNI MAGAZINE in March 1970, gave a biologist's perspective of Man and the frightening implications of population growth.

He has written a textbook of vertebrate morphology as well as numerous articles for scientific journals. His memberships include the American Society of Zoologists, the Society for Developmental Biology, the Society for the Study of Evolution, Phi Beta Kappa, and Sigma Xi.

Professor Ballard has also been active in civic affairs, serving the town of Norwich, Vt., as president of the Development Association, a member of the Finance Committee, and two terms as school director. He was a leader in the establishment of the Dresden District, the firs' interstate school district in the country, and was the first chairman of its board of directors. He also served, 1954-58, as faculty member of the Alumni Council.

His wife of 33 years is the former Helen Elizabeth Flanders, daughter of the late U. S. Senator Ralph Flanders of Vermont. They have four children, now all married, and three grandchildren.

Professor Ballard plans to keep on working in his laboratory. He has an appointment as visiting scholar in Bucharest under a coordinated research program between our National Academy of Science and its counterpart in Rumania, to work on sturgeon embryoes in the Danube. He will also continue as tree warden for Norwich and devote his usual large segment of time to the family garden which furnishes the basic ingredients for Mrs. Ballard's famous cooking.

When WALDO CHAMBERLIN came to Dartmouth in 1961 to be Dean of Summer Programs, his career had already embraced the shipping and export business, library and research work, teaching, writing, government and United Nations service. A revitalized summer program had been under consideration since 1958 when the College's three-term, three-course curriculum was inaugurated, and Dean Chamberlin was made responsible for planning, administering, and developing summer activities, including an academic program for undergraduates. This got underway in the summer of 1963 and put many college facilities on a virtual year-round operating basis. In 1969, Dean Chamberlin returned to teaching as Professor of History.

Both his B.A. and M.A. degrees were earned at the University of Washington, separated by the years from 1927 to 1936 when he was engaged in shipping and export activity between Seattle, San Francisco, Alaska, and the Far East. From 1936 to 1941 he was assistant reference librarian and research associate in the Hoover Library at Stanford University, where he got his Ph.D. in 1939. He Went to Washington, D. C., in 1941 as a Fellow of the Library of Congress in Naval History.

The following year he joined the State Department's Division of International Security and Organization doing research on long-range problems, and in 1944 went back to the west coast with the War Shipping Administration, as executive assistant to the chairman of the Pacific Coast Maritime Industry Board. He was documents officer at the 1945 San Francisco Conference which established the United Nations, and at the Preparatory Commission in London. He served with the U. N. Secretariat as deputy director of the Documents Division and director of the Documents Control Staff from 1946 until 1948 when he joined the faculty at New York University. He taught undergraduate and graduate courses in international relations, specializing in the United Nations, and was appointed a full professor in 1949.

Dean Chamberlin is the author and coeditor of several books and has written numerous articles. He is co-author of A Chronology of the United Nations and A Guide tothe Use of U.N. Documents and was co-editor from 1954 to 1959 of Annual Review of U. N. Affairs. He has written also for Britannica Book of the Year.

For the next few years he will be busy finishing two books in progress, a History of International Government, 1815 to date, and one, nearly completed, on the Establishment of the United Nations, June 1945-June 1946. Some remodeling of his house on Conant Road has been going on to give him office space for the task.

Dean Chamberlin's wife, Kathryn, who holds a Ph.D. in Religion, plans to continue in her position as Executive Secretary, Committee on Graduate Fellowships for another year. The Chamberlins' two sons are Dartmouth men; John graduated in 1963 and David receives his degree this year.

Professor Chamberlin has taught portions of two seminars this year, the freshman seminar in history and a seminar in European History, as well as two full courses, the Diplomacy of Peace and the History of International Organization.

HANNAH CROASDALE began her career at Dartmouth in 1935 after ten years of study at the University of Pennsylvania where she earned her 8.5., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees. Her Ph.D. thesis on the freshwater algae of Woods Hole, Mass., won a Sigma Xi prize. She came here as a research assistant in the Medical School and two years later joined the staff of the Zoology Department as a technical assistant. Although she received faculty status in 1950, Dr. Croasdale did not teach until the early 1960'5. In 1963 she was named associate professor with tenure, and began to teach Phycology, a field in which she is a recognized authority. She has been a full professor since 1968.

Professor Croasdale has had ample opportunity to test her patience and equanimity; the nature of her lifelong work has seen to that. In the summer of 1951 on an expedition to Alaska, she collected 400 small vials of water, rich in algae, which were to consume almost all of her free time and eventually require her to take a leave of absence to classify. Identifying the tiny forms of plant life, sometimes 200 to a vial, had to be done by visual recognition. A National Science Foundation grant enabled her to spend a full year with the bottles and her microscope, and to consult with European authorities.

Over the years of her research, she has compiled an invaluable iconograph, systematically arranged, of desmid taxa for arctic and subarctic freshwater forms, which contains many original descriptions from papers now practically inaccessible. She receives a steady stream of requests from researchers throughout the country for information and identification assistance. While this is the kind of work which is never finished, hers is probably the most complete compilation of its kind and there are indications that NSF may ask her to put it in publishable form. She is currently sharing a Foundation grant with Prof. G. W. Prescott of the University of Montana, for the preparation of a synopsis of the desmids of North America.

Dr. Croasdale's publications are literally too numerous to list, and at the present time she has several scientific papers in various stages of completion. She has done scientific illustrations for botany texts, one co-authored by Dartmouth Professor Emeritus C. L. Wilson.

In 1968, Dr. Croasdale was awarded membership in the Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica for her contribution to Finnish science. She is past president of the Phycological Society of the Americas, and a member of Sigma Xi and Phi Beta Kappa.

She has been devoted to organic gardening for years, since long before it attained its current popularity, and maintains a happy garden, where the vegetables are most orderly and neat, but the flowers are not.

During World War II, Miss Croasdale became a member of the Hanover Volunteer Fire Department, from which she reluctantly retired in 1963 when she moved to Norwich. The Hose Company honored her with a Life Membership, with voting privileges.

DR. HENRY L. HEYL, Professor of Anatomy at Dartmouth Medical School, has been a member of its teaching and administrative staff in a number of positions over the past 29 years. He joined the Medical School's surgery department as an instructor in 1942.

A 1928 graduate of Hamilton College, Dr. Heyl earned his M.D. at Harvard in 1933. For the next ten years he was constantly on the move, completing internships at Johns Hopkins and Boston Children's Hospitals in 1933 and 1934, a Cushing Fellowship in Neurological Surgery at Yale in 1935; another fellowship at the Lahey Clinic in 1936, and an assistant residency at Boston Children's Hospital from 1937 to 1939. In 1939 he was resident in neurosurgery at Massachusetts General Hospital and assisted in surgery at Harvard. The following year he went to Birmingham, England as neurosurgeon at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital. He joined the Army Medical Corps during the war and was assigned as a neurosurgeon to the Army's 6th General Hospital, finishing service in 1944.

Dr. Heyl rejoined the Dartmouth faculty as an instructor in neurosurgery and was named an assistant professor in 1948. He was attending surgeon at Mary Hitchcock Memorial Hospital from 1942 to 1952, and a consultant in neurological surgery at the Veterans Administration Hospital in White River Junction, Vt., for most of those years.

In 1952 Dr. Heyl became a paraplegic as the result of X-ray therapy for cancer. With his brilliant career in surgery ended, he turned to other areas of service. Between 1953 and 1963 he was executive director of the Hitchcock Foundation, set up to help Medical School and hospital personnel get their research sponsored. He was assistant director of medical sciences at Dartmouth Medical School, 1957-60, and associate dean from 1960 to 1965. He was promoted to associate professor of anatomy in 1962 and to full professor in 1969. Since 1965 Dr. Heyl has been editor of the Journal of Neurosurgery, a post to which he expects to devote full time once he becomes "emeritus."

He has devoted much effort in the last 15 years to undergraduates' and medical students' research programs, directing the grants which support them, and arranging publication of results in appropriate journals. He is currently conducting research of his own on pituitary-adrenal relationships in spawning salmon, under a National Science Foundation grant.

Currently chairman of the National Institute for Nervous Diseases and Strokes, he has devised a Neurosurgical Biblio-Index, a prototype in improved packaging of knowledge for specialized medical groups. Dr. Heyl is a member of the American Academy of Neurological Surgeons, the Society of Neurological Surgeons, Phi Beta Kappa, and is past vice-president of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and past president of the New England Society of Neurological Surgeons.

Dr. Heyl is married to the former Katharine Agate of Cornwall, Conn., and they have two sons, Nicholas, and Michael, a Dartmouth freshman. They live in Norwich on a large farm, part of which is leased out to be worked. Dr. Heyl has motorized equipment which enables him to get around the spread at will.

DR. HENRY A. SCHROEDER joined the faculty of Dartmouth Medical School in 1958 to teach physiology and to direct research at its Trace Element Laboratory in West Brattleboro, Vt. The focus of study at the laboratory has been upon toxic metals in the environment and their effect upon the human body.

A graduate of Yale University in 1929, Dr. Schroeder earned his M.D. at Columbia University in 1933. After interning at Presbyterian Hospital, he became a research fellow in pharmacology at the University of Pennsylvania Medical School in 1936. He went to the Hospital of the Rockefeller Institute in 1937 as assistant resident physician and was named an assistant in medicine in 1939. Shortly after promotion to associate in medicine there in 1942, he 'eft to serve with the Navy Medical Corps as a naval flight surgeon During military service, he co-developed what became standard anti-blackout equipment for Air Force and Navy aviators.

After the war, Dr. Schroeder went to Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Mo., as associate professor of medicine and was there until 1958. At Dartmouth, Dr. Schroeder was appointed an associate professor of clinical physiology in 1959 and a full professor in 1966.

Fifteen years of research and study have led Dr. Schroeder to important findings on the relationship of kidney disease, hypertension, high blood pressure, and other heart diseases, to the earth's "trace metals" that enter the body through food, air or water. The Brattleboro Retreat, where his research goes on, is a laboratory as free from metallic contamination as he and his fellow researchers can make it. The air is electrostatically filtered, the water is superpurified, and researchers even remove their shoes before entering the animal rooms.

Dr. Schroeder and his colleagues have listed six metals in the order of their threat to mankind: cadmium, lead, nickel-carbonyl, all current hazards; and antimony, beryllium, and mercury, which are potential hazards. "If metallic pollution keeps up," according to Dr. Schroeder, "a stage will be reached where the human body can no longer tolerate or even survive the amount of toxicity in the environment." He has testified before congressional committees on environmental pollution in support of legislation regulating factory effluents and emissions, and alkyl lead additives in gasoline.

Dr. Schroeder is a Fellow of the New York Academy of Medicine, American College of Physicians, Aerospace Medical Association, American College of Preventive Medicine, and American Heart Association, and is a member of numerous other medical groups.

He is a trustee of Marlboro College in Vermont. Dr. Schroeder is the author of A Matter of Choice, as well as a number of articles and papers.

Norman Kiefer Arnold

William Whitney Ballard '28

Waldo Chamberlin

Hannah Thompson Croasdale

Henry Livingston Heyl, M.D.

Henry Alfred Schroeder, M.D.